For the epic journey of autumn migration, long-distance migratory birds use innate and learned information and follow strict schedules imposed by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, the details of which remain largely unknown. In addition, bird migration requires integrated action of different multisensory systems for learning and memory, and the hippocampus appears to be the integration center for this task. In previous studies we found that contrasting long-distance migratory flights differentially affected the morphological complexity of two types of hippocampus astrocytes. Recently, (...) a significant association was found between the latitude of the reproductive site and the size of the ADCYAP1 allele in long distance migratory birds. We tested for correlations between astrocyte morphological complexity, migratory distances, and size of the ADCYAP1 allele in three long-distance migrant species of shorebird and one non-migrant. Significant differences among species were found in the number and morphological complexity of the astrocytes, as well as in the size of the microsatellites of the ADCYAP1 gene. We found significant associations between the size of the ADCYAP1 microsatellites, the migratory distances, and the degree of morphological complexity of the astrocytes. We suggest that associations between astrocyte number and morphological complexity, ADCYAP1 microsatellite size, and migratory behavior may be part of the adaptive response to the migratory process of shorebirds. (shrink)

This paper discusses the first incarnation of what came to be known as the “Frege-Geach” point. The point was made by Peter Geach in his 1960 essay “Ascriptivism”, and developed in “Assertion”, a 1965 piece. Geach’s articles launch a wholesale attack on theories of non-descriptive performances advanced by “some Oxford philosophers” whom he accuses of ignoring “the distinction between calling a thing ‘P’ and predicating ‘P’ of a thing”. One view that Geach specifically targets is H. L. A. Hart’s claim (...) that sentences of the form “X φ-ed” are not primarily descriptive but ascriptive of responsibility for actions. Hart explicitly accepted Geach’s criticism, and disowned his essay. I argue that he was wrong to do so. Perhaps the essay was worth retracting, but not because of Geach’s objections. I begin by restating and refining Geach’s arguments, in order to bring out the flaw he claimed to have detected in the “pattern of philosophising” that he took Hart’s essay to exemplify. I go on to argue that Geach’s original point poses no obstacle either to non-descriptivism in general, or to Hart’s sui generis non-descriptivist claim in particular. (shrink)

Este pequeno texto é uma singela homenagem que dedico para o meu exprofessor da graduação em Filosofia e meu orientador no mestrado em Ética e Epistemologia da UFPI. Trata-se de um texto rememorativo e de agradecimentos pela convivência e aprendizagem que tive com o professor Dr. José Sérgio D. da Fonseca. A grata oportunidade de conhecer o professor Dr. José Sérgio ocorreu-me por volta do ano 2009 em uma disciplina de seminário, na qual o professor José Sérgio ministrou um curso (...) sobre filosofia da mente, se minha memória não falha. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a caracterização que Hannah Arendt e Hans Jonas fazem da técnica moderna em suas visões da dimensão do homo faber, bem como suas críticas ao mundo da técnica no horizonte da modernidade, mostrando suas convergências e diferenças quanto a isso. A partir dessas críticas arendtianas e jonasianas, procuramos mostrar como ambos podem contribuir para uma ética e uma política baseada na ideia de responsabilidade pelas futuras gerações.

Em 1945, uma coleção de manuscritos em língua copta foi encontrada por camponeses egípcios, próxima à cidade de Nag Hammadi. Esta coleção, contendo treze códices feitos de papiro e cobertos com couro, recebeu o nome de Biblioteca Copta Nag Hammadi . Uma importante descoberta para a língua copta, para a história da filosofia antiga e para o cristianismo primitivo, pois esta biblioteca abre-nos uma nova janela sobre o período formativo do cristianismo por fornecer tratados de teologia sistemática, obras exegéticas, epístolas, (...) apocalipses, biografias e diários de viagem, relatos apócrifos da paixão de Jesus e códigos morais de várias fontes e inspirações. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a categoria “luz” no Evangelho de Tomé e no Evangelho de Filipe e fazer um paralelo com a categoria “luz” que aparece no Quarto Evangelho. A idéia sobre a categoria "luz" que aparece nesses manuscritos circularam pela comunidade joanina? A comunidade joanina deixou-se influenciar por algumas idéias ou seitas de sua época? Esses textos demonstram a possibilidade de que tais categorias circulavam anteriormente, mesmo os manuscritos tendo sido copiados décadas ou mesmo séculos depois? Palavras-chave : Nag Hammadi. Luz. Judaísmo. Identidade. Quarto Evangelho.In 1945 some Egyptian farmers discovered a collection of Coptic manuscripts near the city of Nag Hammadi. The collection that consists of thirteen leather-bound papyrus codices received the name Nag Hammadi Library. It was an important discovery regarding the Coptic language as well as the history of ancient philosophy and early Christendom, because this library gives new insights about the period when Christianity produced a huge variety of scriptures. The content of the Nag Hammadi Library ranges from systematic-theological treatises, exegesis, letters, apocalypses, biographies and travel diaries to apocryphic accounts of the Passion of Jesus and moral codices from various sources. The objective of this article is to analyze the category “light” in the Gospel of Thomas as well as in the Gospel of Philip and draw an analogy between the category “light” as it appears in the Fourth Gospel. Did the idea of the category “light” as presented in these manuscripts circulate within the Johannine community? Is it possible that the Johannine community was influenced by certain contemporary religious ideas or sects? Do these texts indicate the possibility that such categories already have been in circulation and the manuscripts were copied for decades or even centuries after its emergence? Keywords: Nag Hammadi. Light. Judaism. Identity. Fourth Gospel. (shrink)

Successful accounts of analogy in law have two burdens to discharge. First, they must reflect the fact that the conclusion of an argument by analogy is a normative claim about how to decide a certain case. Second, they must not fail to accord relevance to the fact that the source case was authoritatively decided in a certain way. We argue in the first half of this paper that the common view of the structure of analogical arguments in law cannot overcome (...) these hurdles. In the second half we develop an original account that aims to succeed where others failed. (shrink)

Este texto procura analisar as noções de espaço e tempo kantianos na epistemologia schopenhaueriana com o objetivo de compreender o conceito de representação em Schopenhauer a partir da noção de fenômeno em Kant.

Our paper has three parts. In Part 1, we discuss John Gardner’s thesis that the non-elliptical ascription of agency to law is a necessary and irreducible part of any adequate explanation of the activities of legal officials. We consider three explananda which might conceivably necessitate this ascription, and conclude that none in fact does so. In Part 2, we discuss two other theses of Gardner’s: that it makes no sense to ascribe to law the claim that there are legal obligations (...) , and that law’s claim is the claim that there are moral obligations . We take issue with Gardner’s arguments for , and suggest that is unwarranted in the absence of an argument that law makes any claims at all. In Part 3, we briefly argue that, insofar as it issues requirements, there are certain claims that law cannot but make. We conclude that if Gardner is right that law’s claims are those of certain of its officials, it is law-making and not law-applying officials who make law’s claim. (shrink)

Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld's account of legal rights is now 100 years old. It has been much discussed, and remains very influential with philosophers and lawyers alike. Yet it is still sometimes misunderstood in crucial respects. This article offers a rigorous exposition of Hohfeld's framework; discusses its claims to comprehensiveness and fundamentality, reviewing recent work on the topic; and highlights the argumentative uses of Hohfeld's most important distinction.

Este artigo tem como objetivo explicitar a crítica que Schopenhauer faz à fundamentação da moral proposta por Kant. Para cumprir este objetivo exporemos em primeiro lugar e de forma concisa, a fundamentação da ética realizada por Kant. Depois analisaremos as críticas feitas por Schopenhauer à ética de Kant e finalizaremos indicando a alternativa de Schopenhauer em fundamentar a moral pelo sentimento da compaixão.

Can there be a non-reductivist, source-based explanation of the use of normative language in statements describing the law and legal situations? This problem was formulated by Joseph Raz, who also claimed to have solved it. According to his well-known doctrine of ‘detached’ statements, normative legal statements can be informatively made by speakers who merely adopt, without necessarily sharing, the point of view of someone who accepts that legal norms are justified and ought to be followed. In this paper I defend (...) two theses. I argue, first, that the notion of a detached statement cannot be made to work, and that Raz’s problem is thus not thereby solved. But the problem itself, I also suggest, is a false one. (shrink)

Most philosophers of criminal law agree that between criminal offences and defences there is a significant, substantial difference. It is a difference, however, that has proved hard to pin down. In recent work, Duff and others have suggested that it mirrors the distinction between criminal answerability and liability to criminal punishment. Offence definitions, says Duff, are—and ought to be—those action-types ‘for which a defendant can properly be called to answer in a criminal court, on pain of conviction and condemnation if (...) she cannot offer an exculpatory answer’; and defences are ‘exculpatory answers’ that ‘block the transition from responsibility to liability’. I criticise this answerability-based account of the offence/defence divide. It is descriptively false, I claim, as well as normatively unappealing. (shrink)

I propose and defend a proof-based account of legal exceptions. The basic thought is that the characteristic behaviour of exceptions is to be explained in terms of the distinction, relative to some given decision-type C in some decision-making context, between two classes of relevant facts: those that may, and those that may not, remain uncertain if a token decision C is to count as correctly made. The former is the class of exceptions. A fact F is an exception relative to (...) some decision-type C, I claim, if (i) the ascertainment of F is sufficient for a token decision C not to count as correctly made, and (ii) the ascertainment of the negation of F is not necessary for a token decision C to count as correctly made. I also recuperate, reconstruct and discuss some of HLA Hart’s early views on defeasible judicial decisions. These two projects are closely connected: the latter is a vehicle for the former. (shrink)

You find yourself in a court of law, accused of having hit someone. What can you do to avoid conviction? You could simply deny the accusation: 'No, I didn't do it'. But suppose you did do it. You may then give a different answer. 'Yes, I hit him', you grant, 'but it was self-defence'; or 'Yes, but I was acting under duress'. To answer in this way-to offer a 'Yes, but...' reply-is to hold that your particular wrong was committed in (...) exceptional circumstances. Perhaps it is true that, as a rule, wrongdoers ought to be convicted. But in your case the court should set the rule aside. You should be acquitted. Within limits, the law allows for exceptions. Or so we tend to think. In fact, the line between rules and exceptions is harder to draw than it seems. How are we to determine what counts as an exception and what as part of the relevant rule? The distinction has important practical implications. But legal theorists have found the notion of an exception surprisingly difficult to explain. This is the longstanding jurisprudential problem that this book seeks to solve. The book is divided into three parts. Part I, Defeasibility in Question, introduces the topic and articulates the core puzzle of defeasibility in law. Part II, Defeasibility in Theory, develops a comprehensive proof-based account of legal exceptions. Part III, Defeasibility in Action, looks more closely into the workings of exceptions in accusatory contexts, including the criminal trial. (shrink)

This short paper addresses a well‐known difficulty in the Pure Theory of Law: the definition of a legal wrong. Kelsen was unable to offer a suitable one, critics say. I agree. But the critics misdiagnosed the problem, and prescribed for it a fruitless solution. The reason for Kelsen’s failure, the critics say, was that he thought the law consists only of sanction‐stipulating norms addressed to officials, and does not comprise duty‐imposing norms addressed to citizens. But the critics are wrong, exegetically (...) as well as substantively. Kelsen did not—and indeed could not—deny that there are such duty‐imposing norms; and it is not the case, in any event, that the admission that there are such norms would enable us to explain the notion of a legal wrong. Kelsen failed to provide an adequate characterization of the notion of a legal wrong, yes, but for a different reason. (shrink)

: In this paper we examine two challenges to the orthodox understanding of the fallacy of denying the antecedent. One challenge is to say that passages thought to express the fallacy can usually be given an interpretation on which they express valid arguments, entitling us to query whether the fallacy is commonly, if ever, committed at all. We discuss this claim in Section 1. The second challenge comes from those who think that there are legitimate uses of denying the antecedent (...) that have traditionally been overlooked. In Section 2 we propose a general test for claims of this sort, and assess three versions of this view. (shrink)

In his essay “Pre-Conventions: A Fragment of the Background”, Bruno Celano seems to endorse three claims about what he calls ‘pre-conventions’: that such ‘entities’ exist; that they are neither rules nor de facto regularities; and that their ‘character’ is at once factual and normative: that pre-conventions are “literally, ‘normative facts’.” I suggest that and are not particularly striking claims, and that Celano’s case for is unpersuasive.

Forty years after his death, Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) remains one of the most discussed and influential legal philosophers of our time. This collection of new essays takes Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law as a stimulus, aiming to move forward the debate on several central issues in contemporary jurisprudence. The essays in Part I address legal validity, the normativity of law, and Kelsen's famous but puzzling idea of a legal system's 'basic norm'. Part II engages with the difficult issues raised by (...) the social realities of law and the actual practices of legal officials. Part III focuses on conceptual features of legal systems and the logical structure of legal norms. All the essays were written for this volume by internationally renowned scholars from seven countries. Also included, in English translation, is an important polemical essay by Kelsen himself. (shrink)

More than 50 years after it was first published, The Concept of Law remains the most important work of legal philosophy in the English-speaking world. In this volume, written for both students and specialists, 13 leading scholars look afresh at Hart's great book. Unique in format, the volume proceeds sequentially through all the main ideas in The Concept of Law: each contributor addresses a single chapter of Hart's book, critically discussing its arguments in light of subsequent developments in the field. (...) Four concluding essays assess the continued relevance for jurisprudence of the 'persistent questions' identified by Hart at the beginning of The Concept of Law. The collection also includes Hart's 'Answers to Eight Questions', written in 1988 and never before published in English. Contributors include Timothy Endicott, Richard HS Tur, Pavlos Eleftheriadis, John Gardner, Grant Lamond, Nicos Stavropoulos, Leslie Green, John Tasioulas, Jeremy Waldron, John Finnis, Frederick Schauer, Pierluigi Chiassoni and Nicola Lacey. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o conceito de Vontade a partir do estudo detalhado do livro II de O mundo como vontade e representação , no qual Schopenhauer explicita sua Metafísica da Natureza. Para este fim, nós analisaremos a relação entre Vontade e Representação como dois lados constitutivos e inseparáveis do mundo, bem como a ideia de finalismo da Vontade.

Este artigo é o resultado de uma atividade do PET-Filosofia denominada Cine-PET. Nesta atividade são exibidos alguns filmes e depois há uma discussão filosófica sobre o conteúdo dos mesmos. Neste filme – La vita é bella –, foram analisadas as idéias de otimismo, ilusão e representação para o querer-viver perpassadas pelo filme à luz da idéia de Schopenhauer sobre a Vontade como a verdadeira essência do mundo. A Vontade, para Schopenhauer, é caracterizada por ser um impulso cego, desejante e insaciável, (...) que por isso, constitui o sofrimento e as dores de todos os seres do mundo. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo explicitar a noção de consciência em Sartre, explorando o modo como se dá a relação entre ontologia e fenomenologia na filosofia de Sartre.

Cognitive dimensions of creativity: What makes the difference between creative and non-creative university students? This paper analyses the contribution of specific cognitive functions on creative performance. The main question was which cognitive variables differentiate extreme levels of creative performance and therefore can characterize highly creative college students. A sample of Portuguese university students of Fine Arts and Literature took part in this study. A battery of verbal and figural cognitive tasks, as well as two kinds of creative tasks have been (...) considered. Results showed that there were mostly the same cognitive dimensions, which differentiate extreme levels of creative performance in both text and poster productions. These results are discussed considering the relevance of the cognitive approach to explain creativity. Some practical ideas, possible to put into the educational context, are also discussed. (shrink)

Le discours managérial constitue un véritable genre et représente une catégorie particulière au sein des énoncés performatifs. L’objectif annoncé de présentation des orientations stratégiques et de dynamisation des équipes s’accompagne d’une mise en scène particulière qui constitue une des conditions de sa félicité, de son accomplissement. Le contexte d’internationalisation et d’interdépendance dans lequel se déroule l’activité des entreprises renforce la stéréotypie de ce langage qui mobilise un format, un vocabulaire et une syntaxe particulière marqués par l’anglicisme et l’asyncticité. Destiné à (...) unifier et à galvaniser les équipes, ce langage est porteur de signes de pouvoir et de distinction, il exclut plus qu’il n’inclut, génère la perplexité et le désarroi et s’inscrit dans une stratégie du flou qui semble être le seul mode contemporain de l’avenir économique. Circulant à l’envi dans la communauté internationale et de la finance qu’il unifie à sa manière, il a une force incantatoire sur la scène financière et médiatique mais un impact paradoxal sur le travail quotidien des hommes et des femmes. Langage de la spéculation et de l’anticipation, il est plus proche des discours de la performance que des énoncés performatifs.Managerial language is a genre in itself and makes up a particular category of performative speech. The stated objective when presenting strategic goals or team building strategies is always dressed up in a particular way that will determine its aptness and success. The context of internationalisation and interdependence in which business activities take place reinforces a stereotype of management-speak, based on a particular format, vocabulary and grammar permeated by anglicisms and lack of syntax. Aimed at unifying and galvanising business teams, « corpu-speak » conveys a sense of power and distinctiveness, suggests exclusiveness rather than inclusiveness, generates bewilderment and anxiety and is very much at one with the strategy of obfuscation that seems to be the sole contemporary register where the economic future is concerned. Circulating freely within the international and finance community and uniting it as it goes, it acts with the hypnotic effect of incantation on the financial and media scene but has a paradoxical impact on the daily working lives of men and women. As the language of speculation and anticipation, it is more akin to performance discourse than to performative speech. (shrink)

The contemporaneous ecological concern constitutes a tread line issue; the distance from superficial activist actions, although, as well as the credible philosophical - phenomenological - background that support the request for the stem cause, distinguishes and outstands Abram ‘s reflection. His poetic and prophetically discourse calls upon the need for a extremely disavowal reorganisation of the position of Man and his task within the cosmos.

In this book, Nuttall traces the development of "solipsistic fear... the fear that the external world... may not exist at all," in philosophy and literature, mainly English, from the late seventeenth century to the present. His method is first to trace some aspect of the philosophical discussion about the reality of the external world, and then to examine works of literature from the same period in which the same or similar views on the problem are expressed. In philosophy, Nuttall’s attention (...) centers on Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Bradley, and Wittgenstein, while in literature he focuses primarily on Sterne, Wordsworth, Sartre, and Eliot. Nuttall argues that Wittgenstein’s private language argument in the philosophical realm, and Eliot’s poetry in the literary, decisively counteract the solipsistic fear which the empiricist and idealist philosophers and their literary counterparts had developed. (shrink)

In this book, Dean attempts both to interpret and to contribute to the ongoing Marxist-Christian dialogue. The author describes the book as a thought-experiment in which "Heidegger’s finitist ontology, Marx’s social critique, and a type of Christian thinking which is post-theistic" are to be brought together in an attempt to show that "radicalism of the death of God demands a corresponding radicalism in the political sphere as well, and that conversely, radicalism in a political sense would be theoretically incomplete if (...) it was not grounded in a radicalism on the level of metaphysics as well". Thus, Dean argues that a merging of traditions has occurred in recent years. The Marxist humanists and the radical Christians, he contends, have both adopted the central insights of Heidegger’s hermeneutic metaphysics as a perspective from which to both carry on their dialogue together and criticize the conservative wings of their own respective camps. The book is a contribution to this dialogue in that it clarifies how this merging has occurred, and tries to put it in a larger perspective within which further stages of the dialogue can be developed. (shrink)

This volume is the fifth in a series by Buchler, and it applies the metaphysics he developed in the preceding volumes to the understanding of the nature of poetry. Although it clearly contains a further development of the fundamental position articulated in the earlier volumes, as a theory of poetry the present volume stands fairly well on its own.

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the coaches’ demographics (academic degree and/or coaching level and/or coaching experience) and young swimmers’ performance and technical ability. The sample was composed by 151 young swimmers (75 boys and 76 girls: 13.02 ± 1.19 years old, 49.97 ± 8.77 kg of body mass, 1.60 ± 0.08 m of height, 1.66 ± 0.09 m of arm span), from seven different clubs. Seven coaches (one per club) were responsible for the training (...) monitoring. Performance and a set of biomechanical variables related to swim technique and efficiency were assessed. The swimmers’ performance was enhanced according to the increase in the coaches’ academic degree (1: 75.51 ± 10.02 s; 2: 74.55 ± 9.56 s; 3: 73.62 ± 7.64 s), coaching level (1: 76.79 ± 11.27 s; 2: 75.06 ± 9.31 s; 3: 73.65 ± 8.43 s), and training experience (≤5-y training experience: 75.44 ± 9.57 s; >5-y training experience: 74.60 ± 9.54 s). Hierarchical linear modeling retained all coaches’ demographics characteristics as main predictors (being the academic degree the highest: estimate = -1.51, 95% confidence interval = -0.94 to -2.08, p = 0.014). Hence, it seems that an increase in the demographics of the coaches appears to provide them with a training perspective more directed to the efficiency of swimming. This also led to a higher performance enhancement. (shrink)

Hors du temps d’Alain Boyer est l’un de ces livres qui prêtent volontiers à la critique et à la discussion, non seulement en raison des thèses soutenues par l’auteur, qui sont, de son propre aveu, controversées, mais à cause également du ton employé, souvent polémique, parfois même irrévérencieux ou iconoclaste. Et sans doute l’un des buts essentiels de l’ouvrage consiste-t-il à déboulonner une statue, non pas tant celle du philosophe Kant, dont l’auteur reconnaît le génie et l’importance, mais celle d’un (...) certain Kant élevé au rang de chantre des modernes ou d’apôtre du pluralisme, de la liberté d’expression et du dialogue intersubjectif. Bien qu’il ne conteste pas complètement la vision poppérienne d’un Kant Aufklärer, Alain Boyer entend néanmoins la nuancer: maints aspects de la philosophie de Kant s’éloignent effectivement de l’Aufklärung. Il s’agira pour lui de montrer que Kant est un philosophe tant de l’ordre que de la liberté et que bien qu’il soit le père du criticisme, il n’en est pas moins lui-même un métaphysicien dogmatique cherchant avant tout à sauver la morale et la religion du péril que lui font courir ses principaux ennemis: les sceptiques empiriques, les rêveurs délirants ou les librespenseurs. Il entend également dénoncer l’imposture de certains interprètes de Kant qui passent volontiers sous silence les aspects les plus problématiques de sa pensée pour ne retenir que ce qui s’accorde avec leurs propres convictions, projetant ainsi sur sa pensée, de manière anachronique, leurs propres idées. Parmi les thèses kantiennes que l’on tente prudemment d’écarter se trouvent entre autres la condamnation absolue du mensonge, le refus du droit de résistance, la liberté intelligible ou encore l’énigmatique chose en soi. (shrink)

Résumé Nous entendons démontrer dans cet article l’importance souvent méconnue que revêt dans la morale kantienne l’analogie entre la nature sensible et la nature morale. Nous y soutiendrons en effet que sans la présence d’une telle analogie, il serait impossible pour le jugement pratique de déterminer pour des cas particuliers quelles sont les actions qu’autorise l’impératif catégorique. A cet égard, la typique du jugement pur pratique s’avérera déterminante en ceci qu’elle fournira à la loi morale le prolongement intuitif nécessaire pour (...) que soient subsumées sous elle des actions particulières. Bien qu’elle esquisse un pont entre la nature et la liberté, la typique ne saurait se réduire, comme le suggère néanmoins Yovel, à n’être qu’une forme inférieure de la synthèse achevée de la moralité et du bonheur, telle qu’on la retrouve dans le concept du souverain bien. Son caractère incontournable pour le jugement moral s’illustre en outre dans le recours systématique à ce principe par Kant lui-même lors de la discussion et de la solution des quatre dilemmes moraux présentés dans les Fondements de la métaphysique des mœurs. (shrink)

Cet article plaide en faveur de l’unité de la philosophie kantienne de l’histoire qui apparaît trop souvent scindée en deux lectures antagonistes : l’une qui fait de l’histoire le lieu du développement continu de la disposition morale de l’homme, l’autre qui ne perçoit au contraire dans l’histoire qu’un progrès politique et juridique. Notre intention sera alors de présenter l’histoire comme le lieu où s’effectue chez Kant la réconciliation entre la moralité et la politique. Nous verrons à cet égard que la (...) position intermédiaire qu’occupe l’histoire lui confère par rapport au développement de l’espèce humaine une dimension pédagogique indéniable. A travers l’établissement d’un État de droit, l’histoire favoriserait donc l’émergence d’une culture de l’autonomie et de la liberté, préparant l’homme à réaliser sa tâche morale qui consiste dans l’accomplissement d’une communauté éthique du genre humain. (shrink)

Others must have shared my surprise at reading the two articles on this subject in the Classical Quarterly , one by Mr. P. H. Ling, writing ‘in the light of our present knowledge,’ and one by Professor H. J. Rose. Among the Hibeh Papyri is a fragment of an anthology which hereabouts contains quotations from Tragedy and Epicharmus. It gives four verses, the last of which was rightly identified by the editors Grenfell and Hunt. Of the lemma only a spot (...) of ink on a loose fibre remains. (shrink)

Abstract An attempt is made to analyse the key notions in the Buddha's Dhamma? ?truth?, ?knowledge?, ?emancipation??by way of the philosophical techniques of the later Wittgenstein. The analysis hence is both comparative and noncomparative. It is comparative because two thought processes from two different traditions are brought together. And it is noncomparative since it brings into focus a philosophical exegesis as against a comparative exposition. In the process not only are philosophical errors in comparative exposition made explicit in our thesis (...) but it also offers a genuine basis for modern Buddhist philosophy. (shrink)

Niche construction is a potentially important concept for the human behavioural sciences but we question how it differs from models of gene-culture coevolution and whether it can be developed in the detailed ways that will be necessary if it is going to make a significant contribution to the human behavioural sciences.